PHP Operators

Types of Operators in PHP:

1. Arithmetic Operators:

• Used for arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, and exponentiation.

  phpCopy code
  $a = 10;
  $b = 5;
  
  $sum = $a + $b; // Addition
  $difference = $a - $b; // Subtraction
  $product = $a * $b; // Multiplication
  $quotient = $a / $b; // Division
  $remainder = $a % $b; // Modulus (remainder)
  $exponentiation = $a ** $b; // Exponentiation
  

2. Assignment Operators:

• Used to assign values to variables.

  phpCopy code
  $x = 10; // Assigns the value 10 to $x
  $y = 5;
  
  $y += 2; // Equivalent to $y = $y + 2;
  $y -= 3; // Equivalent to $y = $y - 3;
  $y *= 4; // Equivalent to $y = $y * 4;
  // Similarly, /=, %= for division, modulus operations
  

3. Comparison Operators:

• Used to compare values and return a boolean (true or false) result.

  phpCopy code
  $num1 = 10;
  $num2 = 5;
  
  $result1 = ($num1 == $num2); // Equal to
  $result2 = ($num1 != $num2); // Not equal to
  $result3 = ($num1 > $num2); // Greater than
  $result4 = ($num1 < $num2); // Less than
  $result5 = ($num1 >= $num2); // Greater than or equal to
  $result6 = ($num1 <= $num2); // Less than or equal to
  

4. Logical Operators:

• Used to combine conditional statements.

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  $x = true;
  $y = false;
  
  $result1 = ($x && $y); // Logical AND
  $result2 = ($x || $y); // Logical OR
  $result3 = !$x; // Logical NOT
  

5. String Operators:

• Used for concatenating strings.

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  $str1 = "Hello, ";
  $str2 = "world!";
  
  $greeting = $str1 . $str2; // Concatenation using .
  

6. Increment/Decrement Operators:

• Used to increment or decrement numeric values by one.

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  $num = 5;
  
  $num++; // Increment by 1
  $num--; // Decrement by 1
  

Understanding and utilizing operators is essential for performing various tasks in PHP programming, from mathematical operations to making logical decisions and concatenating strings. These operators play a crucial role in building complex functionalities within PHP scripts and applications.